Effects of a foot and ankle proprioceptive exercise program on physical performance, foot posture, sensation, and falls in geriatric individuals: A randomized controlled trial

Our study was designed to evaluate the effects of a foot and ankle proprioceptive exercise program on foot posture, physical performance, and fall incidence in geriatric individuals. A total of 50 geriatric individuals were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups: the exercise group and the control group. The exercise group received supervised exercise training three days a week for eight weeks, while the control group was provided with a home-based exercise program. Both groups attended a seminar on foot and ankle health and its importance. In the evaluations; foot posture metatarsal width-right (p<0.001), metatarsal width-left (p<0.05), foot length-right (p<0.05), foot length-left (p<0.05), NDT-right (p<0.05), NDT-left (p<0.05), physical performance (p<0.05), fall risk (p<0.05), right foot plantar sensation (1st toe; 5th toe; Heel; Midfoot medial; Midfoot lateral) (p<0.05), left foot plantar sensation (1st metatarsal; 3rd metatarsal; 5th toe; heel; midfoot medial) (p<0.05), and as a result of ankle proprioceptive sensation evaluations, a significant group*time interaction was found between the groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, a foot and ankle proprioceptive exercise program was found to be more effective in improving foot posture, sensation, and physical performance and reducing the risk of falls compared to a home exercise program for geriatric individuals. The ease with which the exercise program can be performed while seated may be effective in preventing falls in geriatric individuals at risk of falling, as it reduces the risk of falls and improves physical performance.