Selection and genetic characterization of wild fig (ficus carica L.) genotypes in the hakkârii region

In a research aimed at determining the characteristics of locally grown figs in Hakkâri, a total of 94 genotypes were examined in the Çukurca and Derecik regions. Various morphological characteristics were investigated and evaluated on these genotypes. According to the results of the study, significant differences dependent on genotypes were detected in the vigor of fig trees and their growth habits. Genotypes showing dwarf, semi-dwarf, and vigorous growth were found, with most genotypes exhibiting sprawling, erect, or semi-erect growth habits. Additionally, significant variations dependent on genotypes were observed in the length and thickness of fig tree shoots. When shoot length and thickness were examined, it was observed that there was great diversity among genotypes, with some genotypes having longer or thinner shoots compared to others. Leaf characteristics examined in the study also varied depending on genotypes. Characteristics such as leaf length, width, and number of leaf lobes were investigated, and significant differences among genotypes were detected. For example, while the HD1 genotype had the largest leaves, there were other genotypes with smaller leaves. When fruit characteristics were examined, significant differences dependent on genotypes were observed in properties such as fruit weight, size, shape, skin, and flesh color. For instance, while the HD19 genotype had the largest fruits, the HD5 genotype had the smallest fruits. When fruit shape was examined, it was generally observed to be spherical or flattened, but some genotypes were found to have fruits shaped like pears or tops. Additionally, significant differences dependent on genotypes were observed in fruit color. While skin color was generally determined to be yellow or purple, the flesh color was mostly found to be brown. In chemical analyses, significant differences were observed among genotypes in parameters such as soluble solids content, pH, and titratable acidity. When these values were examined, it was determined that the chemical compositions of fig genotypes were widely varied, with pronounced differences among genotypes. In conclusion, it can be concluded that the genetic diversity of locally grown figs in Hakkâri is quite rich, and the morphological, pomological, and chemical characteristics of these genotypes are important to be examined. This study could be an important step in identifying local fig varieties and preserving genetic resources.