The effect on yield and some quality characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer from foliar in different development stages of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

The research was carried out with aim of examined effects on seed and capsule yield with some alkaloid contents of fertilize with nitrogen treatment from leaves in different development stages of poppy in Isparta conditions in the 2021 year. In the research were applied 1. no fertilizer (control), 2. traditional production (half of the nitrogen during sowing and the remaining half during rosette period), 3. stalking period (1/3 of nitrogen during sowing, 1/3 from soil during rosette period, 1/3 from foliar application during the stem period), the 4th budding (1/3 of the nitrogen during sowing, 1/3 from the soil during the rosette stage, 1/3 from foliar application during the budding period) and the 5th post-flowering periods (1/3 of nitrogen during sowing, 1/3 from soil during rosette period and 1/3 foliar application after flowering) on TMO1 poppy variety. According to the research results; While the differences between plant height, number of capsule, capsule width, and capsule length were not significant, seed yield, capsule yield, nitrogen use efficiency were statistically significant, and in general, it was determined that there was an increase in capsule yield, seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency as the application time was delayed. In the research varied between plant height 58.82-59.86 cm, capsule width 27.13-32.00 mm, capsule length 38.50- 42.23 mm, number of capsules 1.9- 2.4 pieces/plant, capsule yield 20.54-43.07 kg da-1, seed yield 22.31-39.01 kg da-1, The oil content 40.43-41.00%, morphine 0.964-1.071%, codeine 0.186-0.279%, oripavine 0.021-0.027%, thebaine 0.017-0.029%, papaverine 0.007-0.012%, noscapine 0.127-0.174%. As a result; it was advised the time and form of nitrogen fertilizer application significantly affect the yield, especially in the late period, foliar applications are effective, and the most ideal period for foliar fertilization is budding for capsule yield and after flowering for seed yield.