Determination of Heterodera filipjevi (madzhidov) pathotypes in the central anatolia region and reactions to some wheat varieties and research of sources of resistance against nematodes

In this study, 416 samples were collected from cereal cultivation areas in the Central Anatolia Region in 2018-2019 to determine the prevalence, intensities, and intraspecific genetic similarities of Heterodera filipjevi, as well as the pathotypes of six different Heterodera filipjevi populations. A total of 70 genotypes from 17 provinces in Turkey's Seed Gene Bank (TTGB) were investigated for phenotypic resistance to H. filipjevi pathotypes. To establish genetic resistance, 60 genotypes were screened for Cre genes using molecular markers. H. filipjevi was found to be present in 42.8% of the samples. The highest infestation rate was determined in Eskişehir with 75%, followed by Kırşehir Konya, Kayseri, Nevşehir, Sivas, Yozgat, Niğde, Ankara, Çankırı, Kırıkkale, Aksaray and Karaman provinces 57.1% 54.7% 45.8%, 42.9%, 37.8%, respectively. followed by 37.0%, 33.3%, 25.0%, 25.0%, 56.3%, 26.7% and 14.3%. The average cyst density was 12 cysts/200g soil, with the highest and lowest cyst densities being 75 cysts/200g soil and 1 cyst/200g soil, respectively. PCR studies using species-specific primers in 178 samples with CCN cysts detected revealed that the Hf-F1/Hf-R1 primer was positive in 94.9% of the samples. The FILI-COIF/FILI-COIR primer gave positive results in 84.8% of the samples, and the Hf-ITSF/Hf-ITSR primer in 78.7% of the samples. The Kay12, Ank7, Nev13, Kon71, Kon14, and Esk3 populations used for pathotype determination studies were all determined to be the same pathotype as the population collected in the Xuchang region of China and reported as a new pathotype of H. filipjevi. Six TTGB genotypes were shown to be resistant against H. filipjevi populations KON14, KON71, and ANK7. Eight genotypes had all Cre1, Cre3, Cre5, and Cre8 genes, while 12 genotypes had Cre1, Cre3, and Cre5 genes. In summary, this study provides important insights into the prevalence and densities of H. filipjevi in the Central Anatolia Region, as well as the pathotypes and genotypic resistance of various H. filipjevi populations. The findings may have significant implications for the development of effective management strategies for this harmful plant parasitic nematode.