To study the effects of dual-task exercise on quality of life, physical function, and cognitive function in older adults

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of dual-task exercises on cognitive functions, physical performance, and quality of life in individuals aged 65 and older living in Antalya, Türkiye, examining these effects neurologically using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Method: Eighteen intervention (71.53 ± 4.39 years) and thirteen control (69.84 ± 4.65 years) female participants from Antalya were included. Body composition, quality of life (SF-36), and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale) were assessed. The intervention was an 8-week (16 sessions) Synap-supported dual-task exercise program. Cognitive functions (Stroop, Trail Making Tests), physical performance (single-leg stance), and executive function changes (fNIRS) were measured pre-intervention, post-intervention, and after a four-week follow-up. Results: The analyses demonstrated significant improvements over time in cognitive tests such as the Stroop and Trail Making Tests in the experimental group. These cognitive gains were supported by increased oxygenated hemoglobin levels in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left superior frontal gyrus regions, as measured by fNIRS. In terms of physical performance, a short-term increase in grip strength was observed, along with sustained activation in the frontal cortex during the Timed Sit-to-Stand Test (SST) and single-leg balance test. While improvement was noted in the Physical Role Functioning subscale of quality of life, no significant change was observed in the Emotional Role Functioning subscale. Conclusion: Dual-task exercises effectively enhance cognitive and motor functions and support physical quality of life in older adults. However, long-term, multidisciplinary interventions are needed to sustain these benefits and promote emotional well-being for this growing demographic. Keywords: Dual-task Exercise, Cognitive and Physical Performance, Quality of Life in Older Adults, Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy