Clinical evaluation of the effect of implant enviroment gingival phenotype on peri-implant tissue health

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the gingival phenotype around dental implants in individuals who apply to our clinic and to evaluate the effect of the current phenotype on clinical parameters related to tissue health around the implant. Material and Method: Our study will be evaluated by filling out an evaluation form consisting of two parts on 60 individual who have applied to Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and who have at least 1 implant in the mouth, whose prosthetic restoration was completed at least 1 year ago. Individuals will be informed about the study and an informed consent form will be obtained before the study. Evaluation form is divided into two parts as anamnesis and clinical evaluation. The clinical evaluation form contains individuals; type of prosthetic restoration, number of dental implants and clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, gingival recession, presence of suppuration, keratinized mucosa width, gingival thickness) records. The effects of keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and gingival thickness (GT), which form the gingival phenotype, on clinical periodontal parameters will be evaluated with the obtained data. Results: The implants included in the study; 115 implants were found to have adequate and 87 implants had insufficient KMW. At the same time, the GT around 74 implants was found to be thick, and the GT around 128 implants was found to be thin. The KMW of those with thin GT was found to be lower than those with thick GT (p<0.05). Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, gingival recession and suppuration were found to be low in those with adequate KMW (p<0.05). While gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, gingival recession and suppuration were found to be low in patients with thick GT (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between GT and plaque index (p>0.05). At the same time, the presence of pain on brushing was found to be lower in areas with thick gingiva and areas with sufficient width of keratinized mucosa. Conclusion: Keratinized mucosa width and gingival thickness were associated with peri-implant tissue inflammation and gingival recession. In order to maintain the health of the peri-implant tissues, it is recommended to have a keratinized mucosa of at least 2 mm and a thick gingiva. Keyword: Dental implant, Gingival phenotype, Gingival thickness, Keratinized mucosa width, Peri-implant diseases