Investigation of the bioactivity of hesperidin in an in vivo staphylococcus aureus-induced osteomyelitis model

Osteomyelitis is an important disease related to bone health, which is difficult to treat and causes serious socioeconomic problems. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the bioactivity of hesperidin in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus-associated osteomyelitis model. In the study, 28 male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=7). Groups were determined as Group 1: Control group, Group 2: Sham group, Group 3: Osteomyelitis group, Group 4: Treatment group (Hesperidin+Osteomyelitis). In the study, tibial osteomyelitis was created by administering arachidonic acid and 1×106CFU-1 bacterial suspension through a hole drilled from the tibial crest. The rats in the treatment group were given hesperidin once a day by oral gavage for 28 days. At the end of the application, the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated radiographically, biochemically and histopathologically. The mean scores of intraosseous acute inflammation, intraosseous chronic inflammation, periosteal elevation and bone necrosis were evaluated histopathologically. The score was 0 in the control group, 0-2 in the sham group, 9-14 in the osteomyelitis group, and 2-6 in the treatment group. Biochemically, oxidative stress increased significantly in the osteomyelitis trial model, however, oxidative stress was significantly reduced in the hesperidin group used for treatment. Nrf-2 translation levels increased by 0.2% in the sham group compared to the control group and decreased by 26% in the OM group, however, this value increased by 42% in the treatment group compared to the osteomyelitis group. NF-κB translation levels increased by 6% and 21% in the sham and OM groups compared to the control group, respectively. However, this value decreased by 9% in the treatment group compared to the osteomyelitis group. Radiographically, the composite score increased in the OM group compared with the sham and control groups. As a result; Hesperidin showed anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing NF-κB, which plays a role in inflammatory pathways, and antioxidant activity by increasing Nrf-2. At the same time, it was seen that hesperidin showed anti-inflammatory activity in histomorphological findings. In the light of all these findings, it can be said that hesperidin can be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of osteomyelitis or as an agent that can contribute to the treatment at present. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the issue. Keywords: Hesperidin, Nrf-2,NF-κB, Osteomyelitis, Rat