Molecular and immunological study for celiac disease in samples of Iraqi patients

The aim of this study was to examine the expression levels of certain immunological markers (IL15, IL21 and TNFα), serum autoantibodies and to identify the SNP rs2305767 of MYO9B in addition to detecting haplotype changes in HLA typing in patients with CD. For this purpose, fifty patients who received care at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Pediatric Teaching Hospital and Digestive Hospital Consultation Clinic between November 2022 and February 2023 and forty controls were included in the study. The age of the participants in the case study group ranged from 1 to 60 years with a mean age of 19.9±15.4 years. In comparison, the mean age of the control group was 21.8±16.1 years. Serum levels of IL-15, IL-21 and TNF-a were significantly higher in CD patients compared to controls. Similarly, serum levels of tTG, EMA and gliadin were increased in CD patients compared to healthy controls. Hemoglobin and WBC hematologic characteristics were significantly higher in CD patients compared to the control group. PLT is higher in CD patients but has no significant value. Genetic testing revealed that the majority of patients (76.0%) were HLA-DQ2 homozygous and HLADQ8 (20.0%), HLADQ2.8 (14.0%). The majority of alleles encoded for HLADQ2 are significant in CD patients compared to controls. In HLA-haplotype DO8, which includes alleles DQA1*03, DQB1*0302 and DRB1*04, the alleles (DQA1*03 and DRB1*04) show a significant difference and in DQB1*0302, the result is not significant. There is a significant correlation between serologic tests and interleukin levels in CD patients. There is no significant correlation between anti-gliadin IgA and HLADQ2, although the p value of 0.096 is reliable. The results present the association of HLADQ2 with each of anti-EMA and tTG, which indicates a significant association between the parameters according to the p-values. The distribution of the data reveals a significant difference in the positive and negative mean ± SE of IL-15 and TNF-α with the HLADQ2 variable.