The orientalists' approach to the understanding of the caliphate in Islamic thought (Thomas Walker Arnold, Hamilton Alexander Roskeen Gibb ve William Muir)

Orientalism is a corporate activity that is in the sense of Eastern science and originates from the West. Such an East-West distinction is made by people who position themselves as Westerners. Although the main research topics that Orientalists focus on are all Eastern societies and values, they have taken Muslims to their goals and explored Islam in this licorice. In addition, their activities and research are not free from colonialism and missionary issues, but they are also known to often turn to events and facts about Islamic history. In this thesis, the question of how Orientalists treat the nature and content of the caliphate is examined. The relevant section of Thomas Walker Arnold's The Caliphate, Hamilton Alexander Roskeen Gibb's "Some Considerations on the Sunni Theory of the caliphate" in his book Studies on the Civilization of Islam, and William Muir's The Caliphate: its Rise, Decline and Fall were considered and then compared and made a number of evaluations and determinations. These Orientalists criticized the establishment of the caliphate over the issue of Caliph selection and Reign, referred to the titles used by caliphs, and often compared the Umayyad-Abbasid caliphates. In doing so, they conveyed information in the sources of Islamic history in accordance with their ideology and thus made subjective comments that they thought would harm Islam and Muslims.