The İslamized Mongols: Golden Horde

The Turkish and Mongolian tribes, who came together under the leadership of Genghis Khan, succeeded in seizing some of the lands of Europe, Anatolia and the Middle East, including the Asian continent, as a result of their conquests that began in the 13th century. The Mongols, who ruled over a wide area, also established close contact with various religions. Among these religions, the religion that influenced the Mongols the most was Islam. As a result of the invasions that started from the period of Genghis Khan, the Golden Horde State was established on the banks of the Volga river as a result of the western expedition launched between 1237-1241 under the leadership of Batu Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan. This Turkish-Mongolian state, which was established in the north of the Black Sea, has some features different from other Mongolian successor states. One of these different features is that it was the first Turkish-Mongolian state to accept the religion of Islam. The effects of the religion of Islam on the foreign policy, architecture, socio-cultural life of the Golden Horde State and the sects that were influential in the Golden Horde State's acceptance of Islam constitute the main subject of the research. In this period, the main rival of the Golden Horde in foreign policy was the Ilkhanate. The cities of the Golden Horde gained the appearance of an Islamic city with the influence of the religion of Islam. In the Golden Horde State, the ahi organization was established thanks to the Muslim merchants. The Islamization movement of the Golden Horde State, which started with Berke Khan, had its golden age during the Uzbek Khan and Canibek Khan periods.