Relationship between coronary risk factors and coronary artery disease extend and severity in female patients

Introduction: Known risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and preventive stratigies are very important for both men and women. However impacts of these risk factors differ between genders. The key risk factors for women are age, postmenopausal status, smoking, family history of early CAD, sedantery life style, depression and metabolic factors ( hyperlipidemia (HL), hypertension(HT), diabetes mellitus type II and increased adipose tissue) Risk factors other than postmenauposal status and sex hormones are same with men but the degree of risk relationship is different.Purpose: In our study we evaluate CAD risk factors in general , the relationship between each risk factor one another, the relationship between menopausal status and these risk factors and the relationship between risk factors and CAD in female patients..Material and Methods: In our study total 1448 female patients ages between 35-86 years (mean 64,7±10) who underwent coronary angiography on suspicion of ischemic heart disease in one year were included retrospectively. Before the angiographic examination; all risk factors were questioned, vital findings were noted and blood examinations were done. After angiography according to the presence of CAD, patients were divided into two groups as CAD (+) and CAD (-). All coronary angiograms were evaluated and extend and severity of CAD was determined via vessel score and Gensini score.Results: HT and HL (%70,6 and %63.7) are established as the most common risk factors among others. Incidence of HT increases with age in women (P<0.0001). HT and DM tohgetherness (%35) is related with the presence of HL (%44.7) and in this situation CAD incidence increases and also smoking augments the risk of CAD. In our patients HL, DM and menopause are established as independent risk factors for CAD. DM, age, menopause are established as independent risk factors for Gensini score. There is significant correlation between Gensini score and HT,DM,HL and low HDL. Age, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TG correlate with vessel and Gensini score.Conclusion: As a result; in our pilot study HT, HL , DM ,obesity and smoking are related with CAD in female patients. We thought that it is important to monitor risk factors among female patients.