Effect of coffee and tea consumption on individuals with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that is becoming increasingly common throughout the world and becomes a serious public health problem. Eating and drinking habits affects the disease. Tea and coffee are among the most commonly consumed beverages in the world. Studies have shown that tea and coffee can affect glucose utilization and metabolism positively in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The study was performed on individuals with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance between the ages of 18-65 who came from Ege University Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases Policlinic between December 2015 and December 2016. It was aimed to determine the relationship between consumption of coffee and tea with anthropometric and biochemical values in individuals with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements of sociodemographic, health, diabetes, physical activity, nutrition and fluid consumption were taken by individuals. The mean age of the study group (n = 300) was 45.0 ± 12.1 years. 82.7% of the individuals are women, 33.4% are university graduates, 48.7% are not working, 80.4% are married and 77.0% are not using cigarettes. While 54.0% of the individuals had type 2 diabetes, 65.0% of the whole group used oral antidiabetic, 14.3% of basal insulin and 15.6% of them were using multiple injections. 99.7% of the individuals had heavy exercise, 93.7% had moderate exercise, and 29.7% did not walk more than 10 minutes each time.72.3% had previously received medical nutrition therapy. 62.7% of the subjects did not apply the list. 63.7% of the individuals make 3 main meals per day and 35.3% make 2 main meals, 83.3% consume fruit during the break, and 6.3% prefer to eat fast-food in the main meal. 56.0% of the respondents are skipping meals and 43.0% are skipping lunch. 48.3% of the individuals consume Turkish coffee and 73.0% consume tea without sugar. 15.3% of the individuals consume granulated coffee sugary. The mean BMI (n = 300) was 33.6 ± 5.4 kg / m2. The average waist circumference (n = 299) was 108.6 ± 10.7 cm. The mean fat ratio (n = 287) was 39.1 ± 7.7%. HbA1c (n = 274) was 6.3 ± 1.5, total cholesterol (n = 252) was 207.7 ± 42.5 mg / dL, triglyceride (n = 253) was 166.8 ± 197.7 mg / dL and HDL cholesterol 13.5 mg / dL, LDL cholesterol (n = 247) was determined as 126.1 ± 34.3 mg / dL.Diastolic blood pressure (n = 288) was 80.3 ± 9.6 mmHg, systolic blood pressure (n = 288) was 123.7 ± 16.0 mmHg. Individuals consume a daily average of 187.55 ± 170.79 mL (n = 70) green tea, 564.73 ± 438.95 mL (n = 288) black tea, 53.06 + 47.55 mL (n = 240) Turkish coffee, 206.58 ± 217.12 (n=115) granulated coffee. This study is a cross-sectional study in which subjects who had type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance had a significantly higher body fat ratio than those who consumed ≥800 mL of black tea per day (p <0.05). To determine the effect of coffee and tea, there is a need for randomized controlled trials involving nutrition and exercise. Key words: Diabetes Mellitus; type 2 diabetes; insulin resistance; coffee; tea