Prognostic enzymes levels and other biochemical parameters in chemotherapy breast cancer patients

The study aimed to estimate some physiological parameters in females with breast cancer and to estimate scores for both benign and malignant types, given the high prevalence of breast cancer in the world and Iraq in general, as well as the increasing number of cases in the city of Kirkuk. The study involved 120 subjects who were diagnosed with breast cancer at Azadi Teaching Hospital and Oncology Center between September 2023 and February 2024. Private laboratories in Kirkuk, Iraq conducted the experimental work. The volunteers in the current study were divided as follows: The control group consisted of 50 healthy volunteers. The second group consisted of 120 individuals with breast cancer. The current findings found that the high percentage of breast cancer was found in the <60 group that reached 54.2%. The 20-30 year group had the lowest percentage of breast cancer, at 0.8%. The average age of women with breast cancer was 58.05±9.38 years. Both benign and malignant cases had an average tumor diameter of 2–5 cm, with the latter representing the highest percentage at 56.7% of all cases. The right side exhibited the highest tumor incidence in both benign and malignant cases, accounting for 55.8% of all cases. The Nottingham modification of the Bloom and Richardson system for tumor grading revealed that 5.0% of malignant cases fell into grade I, 60.8% into grade II, and 34.2% into grade III. The results indicated that 56.7% of malignant cases had positive ER results, while 43.3 % had ER negative results. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly higher in the patients (4.47±0.38 nmol/ml) compared to the control group (3.15± 0.21 nmol/ml). The levels of glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in the serum of breast cancer patients were significantly lower (P <0.05) compared to healthy volunteers (0.593 ±0.054 nmol/ml, 1.63±0.22 nmol/ml). This was seen in women with breast cancer (0.329 ±0.025 nmol/ml, 0.81±0.26 nmol/ml). IL-6 levels indicated a significant (P <0.05) rise in breast cancer women (16.93± 0.52 pg/ml) compared to the control group (3.87±0.25 pg/ml). IL-17 concentrations in the serum of breast cancer patients indicated a significant (P < 0.05) elevated level in breast cancer women (32.16 ± 2.94 pg/mL) compared to healthy volunteers (19.83 ± 1.28 pg/mL). Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels indicated a significant (P <0.05) rise in patients (375.61±9.84 U/L) compared to the control group (94.03±7.85 U/L). Human Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels indicated a significant (P <0.05) rise in patients (872.61±25.41 pg/ml) compared to the control group (193.57±31.02 pg/ml). α-Amylase levels indicated a significant (P <0.05) rise in patients (42.03±6.11 ng/ml) compared to the control group (8.27±0.91 ng/ml).