Urban demands from the urban rights to the city in Turkey after 2000: A historical-sociological examination from Lefebvre's perspective

While city and urban formations have changed and transformed by society since the day of humanity, it has also shaped the society with its current structure. In the historical process, it is seen that cities have changed rapidly in terms of social, economic and cultural aspects. There are different expressions when explaining this change and the current social situation. While the word city is used when talking about civilizations and before the Industrial Revolution, the word city is mostly used to describe the post- industrial revolution. Although the usage areas of the words city and urban are mostly the same in the literature on the subject, it has also been determined that they have different points. In terms of the different usage areas of these two concepts, the concepts of right to the city and right to the urban also contain differences. While the right to the city, which is based on the responsibility and duty relationship between the state and the individual, and which is based on social justice, appears as a Marxist demand, the right to the urban appears as the demands of the citizens from the state as the enforcer of law. In this study, similar and different points are expressed by examining the usage areas of the concepts of city and city, in the perspective of Lefebvre achievent, who made the first studies on the right to the city and gave direction to the urban researchers who will come after him. At the same time, Turkey's attitude towards urban rights, which has entered a process of rapid change with urban transformation policies after 2000, has been examined from a historical sociological point of view, supported by examples. Keywords: City, The Right to The City, Urban Rights, Urban, Urbanization, Urbanite