A user-focused approach to urban transformation projects evaluated on the Beykoz project example

Beykoz; is a strategically significant district which is located in the Istanbul Metropolitian Area, the north Asia part of the Bosphorus Region and it has a coastline at both the Bosphorus and the Black Sea where the Bosphorus opens to the Black Sea. The surface area of the district of Beykoz is 313 km². The population of 2017 is 251,087 people. The number of residential buildings in the district is 42844, the number of establishments is 2303, the number of residential + office buildings is 3456 and the total number of buildings is 48603. 7% of the total number of buildings is licensed, half of the licensed buildings are settlement. About 20% of the area in the district can be planned. With the Decree No. 6360 entered into force in 2012, 20 villages (229.74 km²) within the boundaries of the districts have attained the neighborhood status. The total surface area of these neighborhoods is about 74.02% of the district's surface area. During the development process that started with Leather Kundura, Cam Fabrics and Tekel Factories, which started activity in the region with the Republican Period Industrial Acts, there has been a population increase above the average of Istanbul with the immigration wave especially in the 1970s. The continued migration of intensity until the end of the 1980s, many people from Turkey's regions located to Beykoz. 70% of the immigration population is from Black Sea Region. When intense immigration could not be met with the planning, employment opportunities that have caused lack of social support areas have not been activated, education level has decreased, unemployment has increased and immigration population has tended to resolve the need for accommodation by squatting in the region. With the connection of F.S.M. Bridge and the 2nd ring road to Kavacık, the pressure of the settlement reached the highest level and the local government could not meet this pressure due to unplanning and could not prevent illegal housing. The entire Beykoz district was declared a natural site in 1995 by the Ministry of Forestry. With this decision, only spatial protection was targeted and the social and economic probable outcomes of the decision were not assessed and calculated until today. The planning processes that began in the year 2000 after the declaration of the natural site in 1995 have remained solely on paper due to far-reaching decisions of the district. With the enactment of laws and regulations for Urban Transformation and the determination of the local government to revise the plans in a way that allows for transformation, with the support of Laws 6292 and 6306, the transformation projects in the district are lead up. Decisions of local governments on transformation practices support this work. In this thesis study, urban transformation applications are not done by in situ transformation method has been identified as deficiency, eliminating this deficiency has been the main aim of the thesis study by user-centered urban transformation. In this study, a field study was carried out with the aim of implementing on-site transformation of professional teams without users have to leave region where they were born, grown up and its results were evaluated. The study consists of four main chapter. In the first chapter; literature review summary, thesis purpose and importance, hypothesis, limitations of research and thesis method have been examined. In the second chapter; the concept of urban transformation has been defined. The aim of urban transformation, historical development, types of urban transformation and classification and examples of urban transformation are included. In the third chapter; a study has been carried out to identify the project area. The physical environment data of the urban transformation area, its historical development, the existing settlement texture, the risks encountered in the transformation area and the zoning conditions in the area are explained. A user profile has been identified that will serve as a base for field work. Data on demographic, cultural and socio-economic structure have been collected. The criteria for determining the preferences and expectations of users in the urban transformation area have been determined and turned into questionnaire studies. The questionnaire was conducted which supports the actual situation and field surveys, which were conducted by the local government for about two years, with a total of 100 users, 53 men and 47 men, living in the area. In the last section; The development and characteristics of the Beykoz Tokatköy Urban Transformation Project are included. Decisions about environmental regulation and building production have been proposed in the project according to the user preferences and expectations. In this way, it is aimed to provide the right of ownership rapidly by producing qualified housing, to ensure the continuity of local cultures by protecting the demographic structure in the region and to present safe living areas with modern technical features before possible disasters to the users. Also, it is aimed to create environments where existing users can live in the same place after the transformation and for this purpose it is aimed to spread "Local Transition" principal which is a user-centric model to be applied for the first time in Turkey. It is thought that this study will lead to the new legislation studies, which will examine the transformation stages from the beginning to the application and determine the user preferences after the transformation and will form a resource to carry the application qualification in all these matters.