Investigation of in vivo-in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of quinolone group antibiotics and in vivo chondroprotective activity of curcumin

In the presented study, the cytoxic and genotoxic effects of levofloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined by in vitro CBMN/COMET methods on human lymphocyte cells and by in vivo micronucleus test in rat bone marrow. The degree of damage caused by the substances to the knee joint was determined by the measurement of joint space and cartilage thickness; the chondroprotective effect of curcumin and its protection against cytotoxicity have been tested. Doses of 500, 250, 100, 50 μg/ml of active ingredients were selected for in vitro methods. Exposure times of 24/48 hours were determined for the CBMN test and 2/24 hours for the COMET test. In in vivo studies, 900-600 mg/kg doses of ciprofloxanine and 600-300 mg/kg of levofloxacin and ofloxacin were preferred; the efficacy of curcumin has been tested for a dose of 100 mg/kg. The decrease in the CBMN CPI value due to the increasing dose and the exposure time, the increase in the micronucleus frequency; COMET tail density increased. In in vivo applications, it was determined that the bone marrow micronucleus test PCE/NCE ratios decreased as the dose used increased, and the amount of micronucleus in erythrocytes increased. It has been observed that the test substances cause degeneration in the joint structure at the administered in vivo doses. The findings obtained showed that quinolone group antibiotics have cytotoxic, genotoxic and chondrotoxic effects by in vivo/in vitro methods. In addition, it has been determined that curcumin has a chondroprotective effect and prevents cytotoxicity.