The critisizm of deism in classical kalam sources

Religious matters such as God, prophet, revelation, miracle have occupied the history of thought of humanity in every period without knowing time and place. The belief in deism, which started to be mentioned for the first time in Europe in the 17th century, has continued to occupy thoughts sometimes less and sometimes more since then. Although there is a belief in God, the history of deistic thought, which rejects concepts such as revelation, prophet and miracle found in institutional religions, dates back to earlier times. Spreading over a wide geography since the 2nd century Hijri, Islam met with different beliefs, and at the same time, sects of faith with different ideas increased and became a problem. Some of these groups, with their views that do not comply with the essence of divine religion and that reason alone is sufficient to find the truth, show parallelism with today's deistic thought by rejecting the institution of divine religion. In the Islamic world, individuals and groups such as Berahime, Abu Isa al-Verrak, Ibn al- Ravendi and Abu Bakr er-Razi are known for their deistic ideas. Scholars dealing with the science of Kalam, which was developed in order to protect religion, criticized the deistic ideas of that period, and wrote refutations against these groups in their works. Theological schools such as Mu'tazila, Maturidi, Ash'ari produced systematic works with topics such as information sources, theology and prophecy, and gave answers to the problems of deism. The topics covered in these sources have been chosen as the thesis topic with the thought that they will shed light on the present by keeping their up-todateness.