Measurement of agmatine levels in patients with complicated diabetes mellitus by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method

Diabetes mellitus is a complex disease state that develops from various pathophysiological clusters and is likely to develop diabetic complications with other risk factors beyond hyperglycemia. It is associated with various microvascular and macrovascular complications such as diabetes mellitus, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to illuminate the etiopathogenesis of complex and complex disease states of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications, and to bring to the literature the data to be obtained by establishing a reliable method of serum agmatine levels, which has the potential to be a new marker for early diagnosis or a new drug for treatment. In addition, correlations between age, gender, BMI (kg/m2) values of the study groups and serum HbA1c, vitamin D, vitamin B12, C-peptide, hemogram and routine biochemistry levels were examined. Considering the agmatine findings, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the control group and the first diagnosis group. Statistically significant differences were found between the control group and the neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy groups. An increasing difference was detected between the control group and neuropathy and retinopathy at the p<0,0001 significance level, and between the control group and nephropathy group at the p<0,001 significance level. In the study groups, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between agmatine and age, gender, BMI, diabetes year, HbA1c, uric acid and cholesterol. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between agmatine and GFR. It was found that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between diabetes year and HbA1c, urea, cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride and uric acid values. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between BMI and age, HbA1c, cholesterol, C-peptide and uric acid. In addition, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between HbA1c and HDL and vitamin D values. The normal distribution of the data was checked with shapiro wilk, analysis of variance (ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis) and post hoc tests (Tukey or Dunn) were used. In addition, interaction between data was analyzed with Pearson correlation (p<0,05). In this study, serum agmatine levels were measured with the HPLC method, which is a reliable and sensitive method, and it was determined that there was a statistically significant increase in agmatine in the diabetic complicated groups compared to the control and first diagnosis diabetes mellitus groups. Increased agmatine levels as a result of oxidative stress and other destruction reactions that develop in long-term diabetic complications may be a protective barrier in response to stress and inflammation due to its inhibitory effect on NOS activity and decrease NO production, and it may be that the enzyme or metabolic pathways that control agmatine synthesis are responsible for this situation.