Evaluation of bid'ahs and superstitions in Kyrgyzstan from the point of view of kalam science

The Kyrgyz developed a belief in entities and a deity according to pre-Islamic Turkic beliefs. This study focuses on the belief systems of the Kyrgyz before and after the adoption of Islam. It is noted that the Turks, during their pre-Islamic period, adhered to beliefs such as Totemism, Shamanism, Zoroastrianism, and Tengriism, and the basic principles of these religions are examined based on old Kyrgyz sources. The greatest change in belief in Turkish history after Islam came with the acceptance of Islam itself. Before Islam, the most widespread belief system was the religion of Gök Tanrı (Sky God). The belief in Gök Tanrı and Islam share certain similarities, particularly in their concept of a single God devoid of any form of association (shirk), which facilitated the acceptance of Islam. Before Islam, the geographical conditions influenced the religious lives of the Turks, and due to the lack of sufficient religious characteristics, traditions and epics shaped their religious and social lives. Today, identifying traces of old beliefs among the Kyrgyz, examining the correction of the old belief in accordance with the new faith, and understanding its manifestation in theology are seen as important topics in the history of belief. In the globalized world, the sacred Islamic faith, which unites nations under a single umbrella, continues to be an increasingly important unifying and conciliatory force for the Turkish-Islamic world. In this context, this study can be seen as a small step towards using authentic information and strong arguments concerning existence, nation, and belief in Allah.