State-market relationship on the export axis in the global era: The case of Turkey

The political and economic relationships transformed by globalization are among the extensively discussed topics in the literature. Globalization transforms contemporary political and economic relationships in various ways. This transformation involves the distinction made by the capitalist state between the political and economic spheres and the relationship between the state and the market. The integrative and mediating effect of the capitalist state on the market has evolved from integrative to additive with the advent of global capitalism. The globalization of capitalism has occurred through the increased fluidity of capital and the accelerated circulation of goods. In this context, international trade transactions and financial movements are crucial for understanding global capitalism. International trade transactions are one of the parameters that can be used to determine a country's position within global value chains. In this regard, examining the transformation of the relationship between the state and the market through the lens of exports serves as a useful indicator for analyzing the changing structure of production relations. Within the defined scope, Turkey has been selected as a case study due to its export structure, which is characterized by a heavy reliance on low and medium technology products and dependence on imports. The structural features of exports in Turkey illustrate how the state's integrative function has become additive. The liberalization of the financial system and the tax and customs exemptions granted to export transactions explain the state's additive-mediating effect between the domestic and global markets in Turkey.