Guardians of the sacred fire: The Vestal virgins

The emergence of religious beliefs has led to the establishment of various religious duties. The continuity and protection of deities, as well as the proper execution of rituals, have necessitated the designation of specific sacred responsibilities. The selection of individuals to fulfill these roles has often been carried out with great care. Throughout history, different societies have implemented diverse practices regarding these religious duties, one of which is the institution of priestesses serving in sacred spaces. Priesthood among women is a complex and multifaceted subject of study. Throughout history, it has held varying functions and significance. As a religious duty exclusively assigned to women, priesthood has imposed certain bodily restrictions, at times marginalizing women while, in other cases, granting them privileges over their female counterparts. Given the diverse forms that female priesthood has assumed across different religions and cultures, this study limits its scope to one of the most influential religious figures of Ancient Rome: Vestal Virgins. To provide a broader understanding of this institution, the research first examines the tradition of female priesthood in the Ancient Near East. It is widely acknowledged by historians and scholars that Western cultures were significantly influenced by Eastern religious and social structures, often adopting them with minor modifications. In this context, the study explores the priesthood traditions of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Anatolia, analyzing their potential connections with the Vestal Virgins of Rome. The core focus of this thesis is the "Guardians of the Sacred Fire: Vestal Virgins" who have not yet been the subject of a comprehensive academic study in Turkiye. The Vestals were far more than ordinary religious officiants; their privileges, influence in social and economic spheres, and unique responsibilities make them a topic worthy of in-depth examination. This thesis aims to provide a detailed analysis of the historical role of the Vestal Virgins within the framework of Roman society and religion.