Latin Amerika ve Doğu Avrupa'daki tecrübelerin ışığında Türkiye'de emeklilik reformu: Karşılaştırmalı ekonomi politik analizi

The present study aims to explore the diffusion of pension privatization among developing countries of Latin America and Eastern Europe in comparison with Turkey in order to understand why Turkey did not institute radical pension reforms in its public pension system in contrast to Latin American and Eastern European countries. In this regard, I argue that four principal factors play a determining role in the implementation of structural pension reforms and these determinants explain why Turkey and countries of Latin American and Eastern European went in such different directions in terms of pension reforms. Examples of these principal determinants include macroeconomic factors regarding the situation of economies and pension systems; the context of political regimes in terms of levels of democracy, welfare legacy and electoral constraints; the influence of interest groups and the influence of World Bank as an international financial institution. This research contributes to the literature by examining these factors in an interrelated relationship in cases that instituted full, partial or no pension privatization in order to understand how variations on these principal determinants lead to different pension reform outcomes.