From "Lazzaretto" to "Tahaffuzhâne" quarantine buildings in the Venice Republic and the Ottoman Empire in the light of archival documents

Quarantine has been a concept what is talking and researching about again since the last months of 2019, with the pandemic entering our lives as the most important item on the world agenda. Although it has lasted for centuries due to numerous epidemics throughout the history, the pandemic phenomenon, probably which we do not want to remember for a long time because of its social and economic effects of it that was extremely destructive and frightening. But today it has become a topical issue that all scientific disciplines strive to work in their fields. In this study, in the context of the history of art and architecture, we intend to examine by bringing together the structures of the "lazzaretto" of the Republic of Venice, where the quarantine conceptually emerged and began to be applied for the first time in the world in the first quarter of the 15th century, and the "tahaffuzhane" structures built about four centuries later by the Ottoman Empire whose orientation to Western culture became official with the declaration of the Tanzimat Fremanı. Efforts were made to select the documents that constitute the source of the study, mostly from the archive records of both states, and to evaluate the historical data examined, especially through concrete visual sources. In this context, it has been tried to briefly evaluate the effects of the practices of the Republic of Venice, which developed the concept of quarantine in the world and therefore the terminology related to the subject, which primarily affected Europe and then the whole world, reflected on the Ottoman Empire. The main purpose of the study is to make a special, small and preliminary contribution to the field of art history at the scale of an architectural archetype, to the studies on the social interactions of Turks and Italians, which have been studied before in different scientific disciplines, as two societies that establish intense and continuous relations with each other socially, economically and culturally.