Political power and democracy effect of lobbying activities: Cases of USA, Turkey

Lobbying activities in the historical process are a mechanism of policy networks that are effective in decision-making with the activities carried out by interest groups that are combined with their own information distributors. Lobbying activities refer to the tactics and methods used to access the intended requests. Therefore, lobbying activities represent a supersystem/society/environment, economic, political, legal, cultural integrity within democratic organizations that are directly or indirectly effective in the decision-making phase of governments. These structures, which form integrity and relate to each other, are the become result of organizational success or failure. The effectiveness of lobbying activities in the political field and on democracy varies according to the current political systems of countries. Lobbyists are defined as individuals who work voluntarily or make a living as part of an organized social, political, cultural force. In countries where individual participation in the political field is ensured, accountability and activities are the forefront of the activity, lobbying is shaped around legal formations. The effects of globalization and the application areas of lobbying activities have also been moved to the global scale. In this growing era, it takes a leading role in the political areas of countries and the public, bringing the importance of transparency in lobbying activities. Lobbying in the United States, the birthplace of lobbying activities, is an integral part of the legislative process that becomes a sense of "management within administration". The lobbies are legally involved in the US presidential system through their activities. When Turkey's transition to the Presidential Government system, the applicability of lobbying activities, unleashes the issue of discussion. While lobbying through various organizations in Turkey, there are shortcomings in the traceability of these applications as an introduction. In this context, the technical and methods used by lobbying activities on strategic objectives will be analyzed and giving suggested for lobbying that can be implemented in Turkey.