Determination of weed species and the effectiveness of some control methods in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivation areas in Malatya province

This study was carried out as a survey in Malatya province and its districts and a field experiment in the Doğanşehir district in 2020-2021. A survey was carried out on 3024 decares of land where 82 sugar beets were planted in the region. In two years, 92 different species belonging to 25 families were found. The first five most common species in 2020; Amaranthus retroflexus L. with (76.19 %), Salsola ruthenica Iljin with (76.19%), Convolvulus arvensis L. with (71.43%), Chenopodium album L. with (69.05%), Amaranthus albus L. with (61.90%). In terms of general density, Amaranthus retroflexus L. with (2.95 units/m2), Heliotropium europaeum L. with (2.75 units/m2), Salsola ruthenica Iljin with (2.27 units/m2), species at "B" level, (1.88 units /m2) to Convolvulus arvensis L., (1.46 units /m2) Agropyron repens L. P. Beauv. species were determined at the "C" level. The first five most common species CR in 2021; as Chenopodium album L. with (95.00%), Amaranthus retroflexus L. with (85.00 %), Convolvulus arvensis L. with (82.50 %), Salsola ruthenica Iljin with (80.00 %), and Heliotropium europaeum L. with (60.00 %). found. In terms of general density, Amaranthus retroflexus L. with (5.06 units/m2) is at ''A'' level, Convolvulus arvensis L. with (2.44 units/m2) is at ''B'' level and Chenopodium album L., with (1.63 units/m2), with (1.39 units /m2) Amaranthus albus L., (1.08 units/m2) Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. species were determined at the "C" level. The yield of sugar beet was found to be the lowest with (483.75 g/ piece) in T1 (weed control) application in 2020, while the highest yield was found with (2393.75 g/piece) in T2 (weed-free control) application, followed by (1864.38 g/piece). T7 (700 g/l metamitron + 1 times hand hoe) and (1708.75 g/piece) and T8 (700 g/l metamitron + 2 times hand hoe) applications were followed. In 2021, the lowest yield was found in T1 (weed control) application with (366.25 g/ piece) while the highest yield was found in T2 (weed-free control) application with (2122.50 g/piece), followed by T8 (700 g/l metamitron + 2 times hand hoe) with (1702.50 g/piece) and T7 (700 g/l metamitron + 1 times hand hoe) applications with (1587.50 g/piece) were followed. In 2020, it was determined that the efficiency of the applications increased between 67.57% and 394.83% compared to the T1 application, and between 95.56% and 479.52% in 2021. While the coverage area of weeds in the trial areas was reduced by 100.00 %, T2, 50.63 %, T8 and 34.18 %, T7 applications, in 2021, T2 with 100.00% and 82.03%, respectively. It was found that T7 and T8 applications decreased with 72.50%.While T2 applications reduced weed dry weights by 100.00%, T8 by 96.37% and T7 applications by 91.05% in 2020, in 2021 T2 with 100.00% and T10 with 70.63%. (hand hoe + 100 g / l Clopyralid + 100 g / l Propaquizafop) and T11 (700 g / l metamitron + 1 time planetary tractor hoe) applications with a rate of 69.35% were determined to reduce it. As a result; A. retroflexus, S. ruthenica, C. arvensis, C. album, A. albus and H. europaeum were determined as common species. A. retroflexus, H. europaeum, S. ruthenica, C. arvensis, A. repens, A. albus, C. dactylon were determined as dense species. It has been found that only pre-emergence or post-emergence herbicide applications do not provide sufficient effect in weed control in sugar beet, but pre-emergence herbicide and once or twice hand hoe applications are more effective when used together. KEY WORDS: Sugar beet, weed, herbicide, hand hoe