The effect of experimental maternal diabetes mellitus on the development and cognitive functions of fetal rats

The Effect Of Experimental Maternal Diabetes Mellitus On The Development And Cognitive Functions Of Fetal RatsDiabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both.We purpose to investigate the relationship of learning and memory deficiency with hypocampal synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in diabetic mathers offsprings. For this purpose we aim to investigate the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), lipid peroxidation, glutation in offsprings mice brain. Morris Water Maze test was used for measuring learning capacitiy.It was seen that learning ability was improved in each diabetic and control groups. Mean period spending for finding the platform was importantly shorter in control group than diabetic group in 5. day (p<0.01).The levels of NCAM 120, NCAM 140 and NCAM 180 were statistically lower in diabetic group than control group (NCAM 180 p<0.001, NCAM 140 p<0.001 and NCAM 120 p<0.05). The levels of GFAP was statistically lower in diabetic newborn mice than control group (p<0.001). We found the levels of lipid peroxidation importantly higher (p<0.001), and the levels of glutation importantly lower (p<0.001) in hypocampus of diabetic offsprings than control group.Finally functions of learning is disturbed in diabetic mathers offsprings. Decreasing of NCAM izoforms can block the maturation of brain and formation of synaptic plasticity. This can show the role of NCAM on learning and long period memory. Decreasing of GFAP dansity may prevent brain maturity completement in diabetic offsprings. In diabetic patients regülation of blood glucose during the gestation can arrrange the development of brain and synaptic plasticity formation and it also prevent the learning deficiency and brain maturation delay. Furthermore high levels of lipid peroxidation and low levels of glutation was found in diabetic mathers offsprings. Antioxidation therapy may be protective against to harmful effects of oxidative stress during the gestation in diabet.Key words: Diabetes mellitus, learning, NCAM, GFAP.