The evaluation of mobile structures and mobility in architecture with examples

The mobile word means to have mobility and to move rather than stay in a fixed position. Mobile structures can also be briefly defined as structures that can move in various ways compared to rigid structures. Mobile structures were used by people who had to be relocated for various reasons and wanted to carry their own shelters with them while relocating throughout history. The movement of the first nomadic societies to be protected from external factors and to increase the comfort of life, has been the primary goal for people using mobile structures in the following periods. Industrialization, technological developments, and the increase in technical possibilities make it easier to provide the mobility needed by mobile structures. In particular, the development and spread of vehicles, which are the most obvious examples of being mobile, have led to the going out of new possibilities for mobile structures. The physical strength of humans and animals, which is required for mobility in the first used mobile building types, has reached another dimension with the development of vehicle and motor technologies. Mobile structures and mobility systems developed in the light of these new developments have also caused designers and architects to use mobile structures in their future predictions because of the rapid development and change spirit of the period. Although there is no equivalent in physical life, ideas are put forward about how mobile structures can evolve in the future fiction. In this thesis, mobile structures are examined under the subheadings of tents, caravans, tiny house on wheels (THOW), floating structures, fictional mobile structures according to their types. Mobile structures in the thesis; It has been evaluated as structures that can move while preserving the building form in a holistic way. In addition, kinetic structures with mobility should not be considered separately from mobile structures. For this reason, kinetic structures are also included in the thesis and examined as a mobile structure type. In the thesis, how mobile structures provide mobility is examined by creating categories. The mobile structures, which are the subject of the thesis, are portable mobile structures that can preserve the building form holistically while providing their mobility. Providing the mobility of these portable mobile structures; It is examined under two sub-headings as self-portable mobile structures and auxiliary power portable mobile structures. Ensuring mobility in kinetic structures is examined under four sub-headings: sliding, rotation, opening closing, and folding. In the thesis, 15 samples of mobile structures and kinetic structures obtained from the literature review were analyzed within the content of the thesis. A total of 37 samples obtained from the literature review throughout the thesis were evaluated by creating a table in the conclusion section. The examples were first placed in categories with reference to mobile structure types explained in the content of the thesis. After that, general information, usage information, motion analysis criteria were compared. Comparison and evaluation of 37 examples from the literature (1) evaluation on emergency and disaster housing, (2) evaluation on the spatial needs of sheltering, (3) evaluation on the use of mobile structures in Turkey, (4) evaluation of mobile structures and kinetic structures compared to fixed structures, (5) the use of kinetic structures in portable structures, (6) rich usage functions of mobile structures. In line with the results of the evaluations, suggestions were made about mobile structures, the concept of mobility and kinetic structures, which are the subject of the thesis. With the health problems brought by the Covid-19 pandemic, it has caused people to question the relationships they have established with places. The inability of hospitals, intensive care units, patient rooms, and spaces required for healthcare workers to respond to the high demand has led to new spatial solutions. The presence of new epidemics expected in today's world increases the importance of solutions that can be produced in this regard. Mobile structures and kinetic structures; they should be used effectively against the increasing need for spatial in cases such as pandemics, due to their portability, easy assembly and disassembly design, and their ability to be used when needed and stored when not needed, unlike fixed structures. Academic and practical studies on this subject should be increased and encouraged. In addition, mobile structures, which people turn to with developments such as industrialization and the industrial revolution, increased their popularity with curfews during the pandemic period. Realizing that the shelter they live in restricts their freedom and is away from nature, users think that they can lead a freer life with mobile structures. Natural disasters in the world and the 6 February earthquake in Turkey; it shows the importance of the urgent need for temporary space after disasters. In such a situation where, human life is in question, it becomes a necessity to meet other needs such as shelter and health spatially. Mobile structures can provide faster and more effective solutions in emergencies, as their adaptability is much higher than rigid structures. It is necessary to see mobile structures as a solution for the earthquake and its aftermath, which is expected to happen in Istanbul, which is the most densely populated city in Turkey, and studies in this direction should be encouraged.