Determination of insect and mite species in almond trees in Mugla and Manisa provinces, population fluctuation and some biological characteristics of important pest species

The aim of the study is that identification of the insect and mite species in the almond production areas of Muğla province Datça, Fethiye, Seydikemer districts and Manisa province Akhisar and Kula districts and determination of the suitable times for the controls by following the main pest population change. During the study the larvae of Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein were observed in all orchards. Adults exits from fruits from the beginning of April and continue until the last week of May. Furthermore, in the Akhisar (Sarnıç) district of Manisa Province, almond fruits are placed in the orchard in a cage and the fruits brought from the same garden to the laboratory, the parasitoid species Exeristes roborator (Fabricius) have been determined. E. roborator is the first record for the world and Turkey as the parasitoid of E. amygdali. In addition, it was found that Anthonomus spp. was fed in flowers. It was determined that the adult population fell during the period of full bloom and the larva population reached the highest level. Monosteira unicostata (Mulsant & Rey) has been found to be harmful to 100% in Datça town. The population of the pest begins to increase in June and reaches its highest level in August. Adult and nymphs are fed on the lower surface of almond tree leaves. It was determined that Calomicrus syriacus (Weise) is fed by consuming all the leaves of almond trees. During the project, 312 different genus /species belonging to 95 families from 7 insect orders and 6 different genus /species belonging to 4 families from 1 acarina order were found. Bostrichus capucinus (Linnaeus), Scobicia chevrieri (Villa & Villa), Cerambyx carinatus Kuster, Cerambyx welensii (Kuster), Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus), Clytra novempunctata Olivier, Orsodacne variabilis Baly, Crypturgus numidicus Ferrari, Lixus algirus (Linnaeus), Lixus (Compsolixus) ascanii (Linnaeus), Lixus incanescens Boheman, Lixus vilis (Rossi), Scolytus intricatus (Ratzeburg), Scolytus kirschii Skalitzky, Teratolytta dives (Brulle), Eolydus atripes (Pic), Typhlocyba rosae Jensen-Haarup, Zygina discolor (Horváth), Mustha spinosula (Lefèbvre), Arge cyanocrocea (Forster), Neognopharmia stevenaria (Boisduval), Yigoga flavina (Herrich-Schäffer), Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus), Pyralis farinalis Linnaeus species were determined for the first time in this study to feed almond trees leaves, shoots, branches or hulls in Turkey.