The problem of human freedom according to Mutezilah and Ahl as-Sunnah

In the history of Islamic thought, it has been seriously debated whether man is free in his thoughts and actions. It is among the issues that are still being discussed today. In particular, these topics of discussion are issues such as whether man's actions are predetermined or not, the level of the limit of man's freedom, and his relationship with God. The views of sects and schools on the problem of human freedom vary according to their time, circumstances and perspectives on studying and reading religious texts. In Islamic thought, there is no dispute that Allah has absolute power and power in existence and the world. Disputes are more about whether the creator has influence on man's actions. On the one hand, there are those who argue that man has no influence or power in his own actions. These are the Jabriyya, which claims that man is under force like a leaf in front of the wind. On the other side is Mu'tazil, who asserts that man is completely free in his thoughts and actions, and that man himself creates his own actions. In the middle of these two understandings are the Ash'ariyya and Matürîdiyya schools, which are called Ahl al-Sunnah. Contrary to Mu'tazilah's view, it is seen that the schools of Ahl al-Sunnah attach importance to the concepts of Ash'ariyya kesb and Matürîdiyye to the concepts of jüz-i irade in explaining the actions and responsibilities of man. Ash'ariyya adopts the view that man performs his deeds by kesbing them with the power that Allah has bestowed on him at the time of committing the act. Mâtürîdiyye, on the other hand, carries out its actions with the will bestowed on it due to the fact that man is considered a responsible being.