Urban poor and new poverty types in neoliberal term: Sample of İzmir Bayraklı

Poverty has been an actual problem for ages. Altough explained with different reasons in different times, poverty has gained a different dimension after having the capitalist production relations in economic system. Altough it cannot be said that the people were forced to work as in the feudal system, villagers who didn't have means of production started to migrate to the developing industrial centers in the cities in capitalist system. The villagers who have migrated to the cities got the statue of "worker" when they started to work by selling their labor. In the countries lasting their capitalistization process, poverty has shifted from rural areas to cities. In addition to the poverty of the people who cannot work because of many different reaons, there are lots of people living in poverty altough they work. Türkiye is in the group of the countries that started capitalistization process late. Founders of Turkish Republic took a step to create a new Turkish bourgeois class with the heritage they got from Ottoman Empire that was a feudal – agriculture empire. After the declaration of republic, Türkiye's perspective became the same as the western countries. This situation became clearer after Democrat Party took over the political power. Altough there have been some attempts to beat capitalism, Türkiye has been going on to became in capitalist production relations. We meet with the urban poverty in Türkiye at the same time when migration from villages to cities, as parallel to its course in the world. Espicially in the early 1950s a big migration from rural to cities started and the "new urbanites" got into a deep poverty. Turkish state has tried to take preventions from time to time to cope with this poverty. Social security implementations come first in these preventations. It is a controversial issue how successful the state in this regard. Illegal slums have played a key role in solving the housing problem of new urbanites. Because the state has no project about the housing problems of migrants, slums were excused. Nowadays, the situation of urban poverty cannot be thought without noliberal paradigm. Neoliberalism that is the last stage of capitalist production relations, is briefly the unlimited circulation of capital all over the world with minimal state intervention. Of course this situation was againts the working classes and for this reason income inequality gradually incearsed. We studied urban poverty that was the subject of this thesis in Bayraklı district which has a big population having less income than the other districts. In Bayraklı we negotiated with the low income people people and in addition to researching the reasons of urban poverty we also tried to find out the types of poverty in this district. So, this thesis wants to describe the effects of capitalism on poverty and also wants to describe those theoric explanations with the field researches in practical way.