The effect of PLC zeta in fertilization on normospermia and asthenospermia cases

Mammalian eggs are ovulated and arrested at second meiotic division of the metaphase stage. Upon fertilization, the spermatozoon triggers persistent intracellular calcium oscillation, that are required for egg activation.Phospholipase C zeta, is a sperm-borne that appears as oocyte activating factor.A potential biomarker of human male infertility. During spermatogenesis development PLC zeta expression occurs. PLC zeta is located in spermatozoon's head in perinuclear theca and its release into the ooplasm during fertilization. It can be suggested that certain types of male infertility are due to a defect in PLC zeta function. Spermatozoa that show abnormal localization pattern of PLC zeta are not able to activate oocyte. In this study investigated PLC zeta localization in normospermia (n=20) and asthenospermia (n=20) groups using immunohistochemistry and immunoflorescence methods. Additionally, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to show ultrastructural differences in between the normospermia and asthenospermia groups. As a result of this study, asthenospermic group samples where the head and tail showed abnormalities compared with normospermic group samples with PLC zeta a decrease in PLC zeta localization was determined in the head and post-acrosomal region. In conclusion, It can be suggested that PLC zeta plays a role in activating oocyte fertilization in patients with infertility problems who have motility deficiency.