The effects of biostimulant applications on traditional and nutritional fruit quality properties of some blackberry culti̇vars grown in greenhouse and open fields

This research was conducted in the 2021-2022 growing season at Malatya Turgut Özal University (MTÜ), Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, with four blackberry varieties (Chester, Jumbo, Bursa 2 and Navaho) in plastic greenhouse and open field, classical fertilizer (KG) from soil, Chitosan (CHI) from leaves, Glycine betaine (GB); T_KG+Y_CHI-GB, classical fertilizer (KG) and myo-inisitol (MI) from soil, Chitosan (CHI) and Glycine betaine (GB) from leaves; T_KG+T_MI+Y_CHI-GB, classical fertilizer (KG) and myo-inisitol (MI) from soil; T_KG+T_MI, classical fertilizer (KG) from soil and Chitosan (CHI) from leaves; T_KG+Y_CHI, classic fertilizer (KG) from soil and Glycine betaine (GB) from leaves; T_KG+Y_GB, it was carried out using applications. In the study, yield and traditional (fruit weight, TSS, acid, TSS/Acid ratio, fruit external color characteristics) and nutritional fruit quality characteristics (total anthocyanin content, total phenol amount, total antioxidant capacity, organic acid content and organic sugar content) were examined in blackberry varieties. The highest yield per plant was obtained from the plastic greenhouse (4817.5 g/plant) from the growing areas, from the T_KG+Y_CHI-GB application (3973.8 g/bitki) from the applications, and from the Navaho variety from the varieties (4714.3 g/plant). Among the varieties, Jumbo and Navaho were found to be high in terms of fruit weight, and SÇKM contents were found to be high in Bursa 2 and Chester. It was determined that Bursa 2 variety was bright and Chester variety had high color accumulation. In terms of nutritional quality characteristics, in general, open cultivation had a slightly higher content than plastic greenhouse cultivation. Among the varieties, Bursa 2 and Chester varieties were the ones that gave high antioxidant content. It was noted in the study that biostimulant applications clearly had more healing properties than the Control application. In terms of the traits examined, 19% of the total variance was caused by variety and 19% by growing places, while applications constituted 6% of the variance. In the study, it is evident that especially the varieties and growing places have an effect on the yield and fruit quality characteristics of blackberries. It has been determined that the effectiveness of different treatments against abiotic stress conditions in blackberries is lower depending on the variety and growing location. According to the results, it is possible to say that the cultivation of a blackberry variety with regulated fruit quality characteristics in a suitable growing place and under conditions where abiotic stress conditions are minimized is important in terms of preventing a total loss of 44% in yield and quality.