Change of the scientist's identity from Ottoman to Turkish republic (1839-1946)

To understand societies' scientific levels, firstly it is necessary to analyze how those societies look at science and scientists. Scientists' activities contribute and direct society's knowledge level. Hereby the factors supporting scientific activities and its interactions with scientists need to be considered. Our thesis tries to examine the change of scientist's identity and its fulfillment as an occupation in the term beginning from Ottoman's Tanzimat Period to Turkish Republic. To discuss this change in deeply, science, professionalization in science, modern sciences' entrance ways to Turkey, attributes to scientists in social layers, resources used by scientists and scientific activities which was made are necessary to investigate. Nineteenth century is a term that important changes and improvements came true both for the world and for Ottoman Empire. From the beginning of Ottoman Empire that remains close to improvements in the field of science as well as other fields, missions of people having scientific knowledge or carrying out science show variances. The concepts of science and scientist that have importance sociologically are helpful research fields to exhibit society's perspective on science. Within this scope, in our thesis we tried to investigate the change of scientist's mission as a subject of science in a society and the factors supporting scientist in the process of professionalization. We tried to represent the components supporting our idea by studying the prominent factors as various basic names, institutions, ideas, discourses, comments, idea communities for modern science and modern scientist's identity during the period beginning from Ottoman Empire to first years of Turkish Republic