Wine production process and its economic cantribution in the Ottoman Empire: Economy ministry industry angricultural winery

Wine is known as an alcoholic beverage produced and consumed for thousands of years. Wine is produced not only from grapes but also from various fruits. The most important point in the production of wine is fermentation by fermenting with water, skin and sugar obtained by crushing the grapes. Wine is expressed not only as an alcoholic beverage, but also as a cultural reflection of the society in which it is produced. Wine has come to the fore with its interdisciplinary relations. At this point, its economic effects attract attention. Wine, which has a place in the domestic and foreign markets of countries, has brought a significant amount of income and foreign currency to the treasury of the country with the implementation of some economic policies such as taxation. The study analyses the wine production process, regions and the taxation process, conditions and amounts as an economic contribution in the Ottoman Empire. It can be said that the taxation process was shaped according to the decisions of the sultans of the period. While some sultans liberalised the production, consumption and trade of wine, some sultans strictly prohibited it and those who did not comply with the ban were punished. Even taverns were closed down in this process. However, due to its negative impact on the economy of the empire, the production, consumption and sale of wine was liberalised through taxation. At the same time, in the last part of the study, the translation of the work titled 'WINEMAKERY' by ZAFER RIZA ZAFER RIZA, TECHNOLOG-CHEMYAGER, CHIEF OF THE CENTRE INDUSTRY, INDUSTRY, ZIRAIYE AND CHEMISTRY-LABORATORY, from the IKTISAT VEKÂLETI NEŞRIYATAN, which is included in the last part of the study, has been translated and added within the framework of theoretical information. In this work, the wine production process and the use of the tools necessary for use in this process are explained in detail with visuals. This process, which started with the vintage, ended with bottling and corking. These steps, which were carried out under the conditions of the current period, are described in full detail. The types of grapes that can be used to obtain wine, the conditions required to ensure the alcohol ratio and sugar balance are expressed in grams.