Investigation of the effect of die geometry and process parameters on formability in square cup deep drawing of austenitic stainless steel sheets

In this study, the effects of the parameters on the formability of the austenitic stainless steel materials, which are frequently used in the industry, especially in the aerospace and automotive sectors, on the formability of the square vessel deep drawing process were investigated. In the deep drawing process of square-section vessels, tearing on the surfaces of the vessels and thinning in the wall region are frequently encountered after processing the primitive part. In the deep drawing process, there are parameters that have great effects on formability such as the blank holder force, the blank holder gap, lubrication, deep drawing force, matrix-blank holder angle, drawing speed, matrix-punch radius. Among these parameters, 4 different angle values were used, namely the matrix-blank holder angle 0⁰, 5⁰, 10⁰ and 15⁰. The effect of matrix-punch radius on formability was investigated by using 3 different radius values as 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm and blank holder force at 3 different values as 5500 N, 7950 N, 10400 N. The effects of the deformations that occur on the container during the shaping of the square-section vessels were investigated experimentally. At the same time, these parameters were analyzed with the finite element method and compared with the results obtained in the experiments. As a result of the experimental and numerical studies, the parameters used had positive effects on the formability. With the increase of parameter values, the deformations of the samples decreased. As a result of all experimental studies, ideal parameters affecting formability; 15⁰ for the matrix-blank holder angle, 8 mm for the matrix-punch radius and 10400 N for the blank holder force.