Enchancement of enzymatic coloring of cotton fabrics and its comparison with reactive dyeing from economical and ecological perspectives

In recent years, intensive researches are carried out on environmentally friendly production alternatives in the field of textile dyeing as in other fields of textile. An approach that offers significant opportunities in this respect is the conversion of various colorless precursors into dye molecules by enzymatic reaction with laccase and subsequent or simultaneous dyeing of the fibers. In this thesis, first of all, the reaction mechanism of enzymatic dye synthesis by using phenol, amine and their mixture as precursor and the chemical structures of the dyes obtained were elucidated in detail by Foruier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy analyzes. Then, the effect of using ultrasound technology and enzyme origin in enzymatic coloring with laccase was examined and the results obtained in previous studies in the literature were tried to be improved. Beyond that, the possibilities of using the pigments in the nature of cotton or natural precursors extracted from plants in enzymatic coloring have been investigated. Finally, the comparison of enzymatic dyeing with reactive dyeing, which is the most widely used method in cotton dyeing in terms of technical (color reproducebality; washing, rubbing, light and perspiration fastness values and UV protection factor), economical (chemical, energy and water consumption required for dyeing one kg of fabric) and ecological (pH, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids content, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and chloride content of wastewater) aspects, and testing of optimum recipes under industrial scale production conditions were carried out.