Evaluation of interleukin-1 beta (OL-1β) and interleukin-39 (IL-39) levels in saliva in individuals with periodontal health and periodontal disease

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) and Interleukin-39 (IL-39) levels in saliva in individuals with periodontal health and periodontal disease, to compare between groups and to evaluate the relationship of these cytokines with periodontal clinical parameters. Method: 99 systemically healthy non-smokers (33 periodontally healthy, 33 gingivitis, 33 periodontitis) were included in this study. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) clinical parameters were measured. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all individuals. IL-1β and IL-39 levels in collected saliva samples were determined by enzyme-linked immune absorbent method (ELISA). The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between IL-1β levels and all clinical parameters (PI, GI, PPD, CAL, BOP).(p<0.05) No statistically significant difference was found between the healthy group and the gingivitis group in terms of salivary IL-1β levels; however, a statistically significant difference was found between the periodontitis group and both the gingivitis group and the healthy group. (p<0.05) No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of salivary IL-39 levels.(p>0.05) Conclusion: IL-1β levels were found to be significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to both the healthy group and the gingivitis group, and a significant correlation was found between IL-1β levels and clinical periodontal parameters. There was no significant relationship between IL-39 levels and groups and clinical periodontal parameters. There is a need for more scientific studies on IL-39, which is a current cytokine and there is not much scientific data about it yet. Keywords: Saliva, periodontitis, IL-1β, IL-39