Comparative investigation of the effects of periodontitis and metabolic syndrome on ocular parameters

Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome and periodontitis on ocular parameters with clinical and biochemical markers. Material and Method: 80 patients who participated in the cross-sectional study; were included in the appropriate groups as healthy (PD-MS-), periodontitis (PD+MS-), with MetS (PD-MS+), and periodontitis+MetS (PD+MDS+). Plaque, gingival and bleeding index, probable pocket depth and clinical attachment loss; OCT and OCT-Angio images were recorded on the same day and serum was obtained for biochemical evaluation. TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL10, TAS, TOS and OSI were evaluated. Central and mean macular thickness, ganglion cell, subfoveal choroid and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness by OCT; Foveal vascular density was evaluated with OCT-A. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Bonferroni correction, and Spearmen's test were used (p<0.05). Results: Significant increases were observed in all periodontal indices in PD+MS- and PD+MS+ in the intergroup evaluation. TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL1ß/IL-10 and TOS increased in all groups, with the most significant increase in PD+MS+. IL-10 was decreased in all groups compared to the control group. TAS decreased in all groups, a statistically significant decrease was observed in groups with MetS; It was determined that OSI increased in all groups, and a significant increase was observed in PS+MS+. AMT was decreased in all groups compared to the control group. A significant decrease in FKT was observed in the PD+MS+ group. GCL increased in groups with MetS. Conclusion: This study shows that periodontitis alone or together with MetS can affect retinal degenerative changes. Key words: inflammation, metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, periodontitis