Validity and reliability of the pieper-zulkowski pressure ulcer/injury knowledge test for the Turkish healthcare community

This study was carried out with a methodological design. All necessary permissions pertaining to ethics and legal aspects were obtained prior to the onset of the study. The population of the study is nurses working in a state hospital in Antalya between June 2022 and November 2022; the total number of individuals in the sample was 306 (N=306). The data collection tools utilized to serve the objective of the study were the Nurse Information Form and the 2021 Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer/Injury Knowledge Test. The research data were obtained from the nurses who agreed to participate in the study by filling out the informed consent form on the online platform. The data analysis tool was the IBM SPSS v26 software. Forward and back translation methods were used to ensure the language validity of the 2021 Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer/Injury Knowledge Test. Evaluation process of the content validity included expert opinions as key input. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were preferred for evaluating construct validity. The Kaiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO) and the Bartlett sphericity tests were used for the exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient, the Spearman-Brown Split-Half analysis, test-retest measurement and item-total correlations were used for evaluating reliability. In line with expert opinions, the content validity index was 0.960. In the construct validity evaluation, the Bartlett test used for exploratory factor analysis was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001) and the Kaiser-Meyer Olkin value was 0.849. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor load of the scale items varied between 0.297 and 0.667. The evaluation of internal consistency determined the Cronbach Alpha value of the first half of the scale as 0.856 and the second half as 0.904. The correlation between the two halves of the scale was 0.775 and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.873. The test-retest measurement revealed a statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) between the two tests for all sub-dimensions and the total score of the scale. This study found the 2021 version of the Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer/Injury Knowledge Test to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for the Turkish healthcare community.