Evaluation of psephellus pyrrhoblepharus (BOİSS.) wagenitz in terms of pharmacognosy

In this study, Psephellus pyrrhoblepharus (Boiss.) Wagenitz which grows endemically in Harput, Elazığ has been thoroughly investigated by 6 approaches. First of all, loss on drying and ash quantities (total ash, sulphated ash, hydrochloric acid insoluble ash) of P. pyrrhoblepharus were determined for quality control according to European Pharmacopeia. The results were expressed as percentage values. Also, total flavonoidal content and total fenolic content of the aerial parts of the plant were determined. Additionally n-hexane, methanol:water (1:1), chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts from the aerial parts of P. pyrrhoblepharus were obtained. After that, 6 different antioxidant assays were practiced on these 4 extracts. After tests, chloroform extract which studied for isolation with and ethyl acetate extract were found as the most active extracts. Essential oil content of the plant was detected with GC-MS analysis. Major compounds have been found as hexadecanoic acid (17.1%), spathulenol (10.3%), caryophyllene oxide (9.6%) and heptacosane (5.2%). With GC method, the composition of fatty acids have been determined. As a result the amount of saturated fatty acids as 31.37%, monounsaturated fatty acids as 22.76% and polyunsaturated fatty acids as 17.53% have been found. Isolation studies and advanced chromatographic methods were performed on chloroform extract of aerial parts of the plant. Determination on structures of 13 compounds which were isolated was done by modern spectroscopic methods and as a result 6 sesquiterpenes, 3 flavonoids, 1 flavonoid glycoside, 1 phenol glycoside, 1 hexenyl glycoside and 1 coumarin compounds have been determined. Antiproliferative assays for compounds which were isolated at practiced on 3 different cell types (cervikal and breast cancer cell lines) and 2 different concentrations (10 mM, 30 mM) . After evaluating results, generally for all cell lines the most active compounds were found sesquiterpenes as PP-3 (chlorojanerin), PP-6 (cynaropicrin), PP-9 (19-deoxy-15-chlorojanerin) and PP-10 (aguerin B). In the last stage of the study, quantity assignment assay with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) method for apigenin as one of our major compounds on 4 different extracts was tested. Apigenin wasn't determined in ethyl acetate and methanol:water (1:1) extracts whereas was found as 2.114 ± 0.02 µg/ml in chloroform extract and as 0.528 ± 0.02 µg/ml in n-hexane extract. Also for validation of the method, parameters like accuracy, linearity, stability, precision, selectivity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation were tested and confirmed.