Micropropagation of various explants of arugula plant (Eruca sativa mill.) usng different growth regulator combination

Tissue culture, an essential technique in modern plant biology, offers promising avenues for the mass production of elite plant varieties with desirable traits. This study investigated the effects of phytohormonal treatments 0.1 mg/L NAA - 0.25 mg/L BAP plant growth regulator combination on explants, A-Cotyledon leaves with an area of (0.4 cm²) for micro propagation, B-Nodes (1 cm in length) for kallus formation, C-internodes (1 cm in length) for micro propagation taken from three varieties Estht 201, Estht 195, and Estht 198 of arugula - (Eruca sativa Mill.) and cultured over a period of four and six-weeks focusing on several growth parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant interaction between phytohormonal treatments and varieties indicating regeneration on each variety in terms of kallus formation, shoot induction percentage, leaf production, and plant height. Notably, var. Estht 201 indicated consistently improved performance, with a kallus formation percentage of 61.83% in 4 weeks and 74.05% in week 6, compared to the performance of varieties Estht 195, and Estht 198. Similarly, Var. Estht 201 exhibited higher leaf induction (Week 4: 19.73%, Week 6: 13.0%), plant height (Week 4: 7.50 cm, Week 6: 9.6 cm), and shoot induction (Week 4: 67 .45%, Week 6: 69.9%) throughout the experiment. These findings contributed to a deeper understanding of arugula micropropagation Dynamics. At the same time, this study has once again shown how important tissue culture micropropagation protocols are in terms of improving yield and quality as well as breeding studies.atment strategies for optimal micro propagation outcomes across different arugula varieties.