In vitro metabolic response of saccharomyces boulardii to deltamethrin and cypermethrin toxicities in mirror carp (cyprinus carpio L.) exposed to these pesticides

Exposure to deltamethrin and cypermethrin induces oxidative stress in fish. Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast species with antioxidative and pesticide detoxifying properties. In this context, it was aimed to investigate the biochemical metabolic responses of S.boulardii to the toxicities of deltamethrin and cypermethrin added to the cell culture medium (in vitro) and the biochemical changes in the liver and muscle tissues of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed with probiotic S.boulardii supplementation as a result of exposure to pesticides. In the first stage, three different doses of both pesticides (50, 100, and 200 µg/L) were added exogenously to the yeast cell medium and incubated for 72 hours, after which cell pellets were collected. In the second stage, carp fish were exposed to pesticides for 30 days and fed with probiotics. At the end of the experiment, total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced and reduced glutathione (GSH-GSSG) amounts, antioxidant system enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST) activities and lipophilic molecule and fatty acid content were determined in cell pellets, liver and muscle tissues of fish. According to the results, both pesticides induced oxidative stress by increasing MDA both in vitro and in fish tissues (P<0.05). S.boulardii decreased MDA. While pesticides had detrimental effects on antioxidant defense system, S.boulardii supported antioxidant defense system. In addition, S.boulardii was able to detoxify both pesticides added to cell medium (P<0.05). In conclusion, the obtained data indicate that S.boulardii can be used as safe and low cost biocontrol agent to protect C.carpio from the adverse effects of pesticides.