Gratitude and sadrs in the Safevi State

The Safavid Empire made the Sadr office, which it inherited from the previous Islamic and Turkish-Islamic states, into a unique institution. The office of Sadr was established during the establishment of the state during the reign of Shah I. Ismail. In a short time, the office of Sadr became the third largest office of the Safavids after the office of Safavid Shah and İtimadü'd-devle in the Safavid Divan-ı Homayoun. The office of Sadr took its place in the bureaucratic structure of the Safavid State and was organized in a systematic way. In the historical process, it has become an office and a complex with its units in the fields of religion, law, jurisdiction, education and legal acts, and it has been an office that carries out the duties of the Presidency of Religious Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of National Education and the General Directorate of Foundations in the Republic of Turkey today. As a result of changes in the internal structure of the Safavid State at certain times, some of its duties, powers and responsibilities were left to Itimadü'l Devle, Şeyhülislâm, Kadı and other ministries. The first changes and transformations in the office of Sadr in the Safavid State were experienced during the reign of Shah Tahmasp I. During the reign of Shah Tahmasp I, with the appointment of Sheikh Ali al-Kereki al-Âmîlî to the office of Shaykh al-Islam, the office of Sadr lost power, power and influence in political, administrative, religious, judicial and legal fields. During the reigns of Shah Ismail II and Shah Muhammed Khodabanda, Sadr's office, which relatively regained its lost power, might and authority, underwent radical changes and transformations with the reign of Shah I. Abbas. The office of Sadr has been one of the offices and institutions most affected by the reform movements in the state structure and bureaucratic structure of the Safavid State of Shah I. Abbas. In this period, the office of Sadr, against the office of Shaykh al-Islam, became the authority that was responsible for and engaged in the administration of the affairs of the institution of mevkufât, which carried out the sharia-jurisdic and legal affairs of the Sultanate dynasty of the Safavid State. During the period of Safavid shahs, who ascended the throne after Shah Abbas I, Sadr's office constantly lost power, power and authority, but despite this, it continued to exist officially in the Divan-ı Homayoun of the Safavid State. During the reign of Shah Sultan Hussein, with the establishment of the office of Mollabashi, all his religious, judicial and legal duties were transferred to the responsibility of the office of Mollabashi. In this period, it became an authority dealing only with Mevkûfât-ı Hasse and Mevkûfât- ı Amme. With the collapse of the Safavid State by the Local Afghan Dynasties in 1722, the Safavid State disappeared into history. Sadr maqam, which lost its existence in the Iranian geography during the Afghan and Afshar Dynasties, was revived as a divani maqam during the Zend Dynasty and Qajar Dynasty and continued its existence. Key Words: Safavid State, Divan-ı Hümayoun Institution in Safavid State, Bureaucratic Structure, Sadr's Office, Safavid State Sadrs, Fatwa, Mevkufât Institution.