Determination of metabolic syndrome risk factors and nutrition and lifestyle habits among women applying to the healthy life center – the case of elbi̇stan

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors and nutritional as well as lifestyle habits among women attending a healthy living center in Elbistan district. Designed as a descriptive and cross-sectional study, it was carried out between October 2024 and March 2025 with 60 volunteer women aged 19–55 years who had been clinically diagnosed with MetS. Data were collected on participants' socio-demographic characteristics, physical activity levels, smoking and alcohol consumption, meal patterns, food frequency, and dietary habits. In addition, anthropometric measurements (body mass index, waist and hip circumference, waist/hip ratio) and biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose, insulin, and lipid profile) were assessed. The 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) was used to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and significance tests via the SPSS software. According to the findings, 86.7% of participants were classified as obese, and all had waist circumference measurements at high-risk levels. The mean BMI was 36.47±6.92 kg/m², waist circumference 111.81±12.35 cm, and waist/hip ratio 0.91±0.17. Elevated total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels were observed in 78.3% and 65.0% of women, respectively, while 98.3% showed high fasting plasma insulin levels; only 1.7% had low HDL levels. Women with higher physical activity levels had significantly lower total cholesterol values (p<0.05). The majority of participants (71.7%) demonstrated moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet. However, no significant associations were found between MEDAS scores and biochemical or anthropometric parameters (p>0.05). Despite this, the frequency of vegetable, fruit, olive oil, and dairy consumption was found to be higher than the recommended amounts. In conclusion, the findings highlight the necessity of implementing holistic health approaches to improve lifestyle and dietary habits among women diagnosed with MetS. Increasing adherence to scientifically proven dietary models such as the Mediterranean diet, expanding access to individualized counseling services, and supporting physical activity through community-based interventions may play a crucial role in the prevention and management of MetS.