Effects of led lighting and colorful cover materials onplant development in greenhouse cultivation: Tomato(Solanum Lycopersium) case

This thesis has been carried out in 4 spring roofed plastic greenhouses located in the experimental area of the Agricultural Research and Application Center in Isparta Applied Sciences University and floor space is composed of 18 m2 and 2 m height horizontally in terms of height. It is aimed to study the effect of colored greenhouse covered material and Led light source over the parameter of growth and harvest rates while growing tomato. Control sera (KN), red greenhouse (KR) and blue greenhouse (MV) with transparent covered material and led greenhouse (LD), spreading artificial led lighting, were used for this study. Tomato (Solanum Lycopersium) used in this very study was used as material. The study was conducted between May 2019 and September 2019. Average temperatures of KN, KR, MV and LD through all phenological phases were recorded respectively, 24.1, 23.2, 23.4 and 23.4 °C. When the average temperature rates in the greenhouse were observed, much lower temperature approximately 1 °C was obtained, compared to the KN greenhouse, by preventing the use of colored material covering the KR and MV greenhouses some amount of daylight of the greenhouse. The relative humidity rates were measured respectively 57.7 %, 53.5% and 49.4% in KN, KR and MV greenhouses during the experiment. Total radiation energy rates measured in 4 different greenhouses, were recorded as 1 minute measurement intervals at between 10.00 and 16.00 during experiments. The radiation energy rates measured according to greenhouse types were obtained from all phenological phases as 517.1 Wm-2 in KN greenhouse, 418.2 Wm-2 in KR greenhouse, 502.2 Wm-2 in MV greenhouse and 560.8 Wm-2 in LD greenhouse. The highest radiation energy rate was measured in LD greenhouse with artificial lighting system. Greenhouse cover material color and artificial lighting system in all growing phases, the plant height, plant growth indicators and harvest data were compared, reported that the highest growth and yields were observed in MV and KR greenhouses. When the plant height was examined, the height of the tomato plant in MV greenhouse was higher than the plant height grown in other greenhouses in all phenological phases and the average plant height was measured respectively MV: 183 cm, KR: 177 cm, KN: 174 cm, LD: 165 cm at the end of the harvest. Accordingly, when field yields were listed, MV: 7.58 ton da-1, KR: 5.39 ton da-1, KN: 4.66 ton da-1, LD: 4.48 ton da-1 came along. In other words, a direct proportion, between development of plant height and space yield, was observed. As a result, it is thought that when the cover material of tomato plant is used in blue color, it will positively affect the yield, grain mass and green parts development. Moreover, it was concluded that if the cover material is used in red color, it will decrease the temperature and radiation energy rates for the tomato plant. Key Words: Greenhouse, Tomato, LED, Color, Phenological stages