The investigation of pulsed magnetic field and antioxidant effects in slow and fast skeletal muscles atrophy induced by stz

Skeletal muscle atrophy is expressed as a decrease in muscle mass and contraction force observed with prolonged immobility, malnutrition, sarcopenia, chronic heart failure and especially type-1 diabetes. In this study, the effects of pulsed magnetic field (PMA) and antioxidants (pterostilbene (P), trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene; resveratrol (R), trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) in atrophy occurring in the slow and fast twitch skeletal muscles of diabetic rats were evaluated from various aspects. Rats were divided into; control (C, n = 10), diabetes (DM, n = 10), DM+P (n = 10), DM+R (n = 10), DM+PMA (n=10), DM+PMA + P (n = 10), DM+PMA+R (n = 10). Rats were exposed to PMA application for 2 hours/day at a frequency of 10 Hz and an intensity of 1.5 mT. P and R antioxidants were administered at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg. The blood glucose levels and weights of the rats were measured once a week during the 5-week experimental period. Rat skeletal muscle performances were performed using the treadmill test. Biomechanical recordings were obtained from soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle preparats. Immunohistochemistry (anti-MuRF1, anti-Atrogin1, anti-Foxo3a) and light microscopy images were obtained for histological examination of the tissues. p-AKT, mTOR, myostatin (MSTN), calpain-3 (CAPN-3), TNF-alpha, GLUT-4, MyHC IIb, FOXO3a and insulin concentrations in skeletal muscle tissues were analyzed by ELISA method. 4E-BP1, FOXO3a, MuRF-1 and MAFbx gene expression analyzes, which are thought to be effective in degradation of myofibrillar proteins, were performed by Real Time PCR. The findings showed that the protein synthesis pathways that were disrupted with Type-1 diabetes were improved by antioxidant and PMA applications, and reduced atrophy. It was determined that PMA+P application performed to diabetic rats had more healing effects than other groups.