Extraction of collagen and glycosaminoglycans from chicken feet and investigation of usage in the bone broth

Collagen and proteoglycans are an important part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) called connective tissue. In addition to being used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, it has many beneficial health effects. The high raw material and production costs for the production of collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) have led the existing market to search for new sources and production methods. In this thesis, the production of the product called "extract of soluble collagen and glycosaminoglycans in chicken feet" which is ready for consumption has been investigated and its usage in foods has been researched. A modified method was developed by combining acid, enzyme and ultrasound assisted extraction and respectively, for collagen and GAG extraction were used a 5% lactic acid solution containing 0.1% (w/v) pepsin and sodium acetate solution containing 5 mg papain/1 g chicken feet. Yield is affected by the process conditions such as solvent, temperature and time. In this study ultrasound-assisted extraction was performed, at three different temperature and time (collagen; 20-25-30°C±2°C, GAG;60-65-70°C±2°C, 20-40-60 min) to investigate the effects on yield. Various physical and chemical analyzes (chemical composition, collagen, chondroitin sulfate, color, FTIR, SEM, electrophoresis) were applied to the products and their characteristics were determined. Differences between parameters for the production of collagen and GAG were determined by one-way analysis of variance. Depending on the duration and temperature of the ultrasound, the highest collagen protein and chondroitin sulfate yield respectively 20°C 60 min. and 70°C 60 min. obtained in extraction conditions. As a result of the process stages, a functional product with high collagen and GAG content, which can be supplemented to foods and ready for consumption as direct food was obtained. Keywords: ultrasound assisted extraction, collagen, glycosaminoglycan, enzymatic extraction, chondroitin sulfate.