Article 301 of the Turkish penal code: Public denigration of the turkish nation, the state of the republic of Turkey, or the institutions and organs of the state

Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code has been amended many times since entering the legal system in 1926 and has been criticized during some periods for prejudice toward fundamental rights and freedoms. In this study, an assessment of the crime in terms of these fundamental rights and freedoms, as well as an examination within the general theory of crime were conducted. Additionally, the content of the institutions and concepts mentioned in the article have been handled separately. This study emphasized how sensitively and carefully attention should be paid in the implementation of Article 159 of the old Turkish Penal Code and Article 301 of the new Turkish Penal Code, and the greatest necessity for respect of fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals.