The social and economic situation of the villages of Gemlik district according to the temettuat books (1844-1845)

The Tanzimat Edict, declared by Mustafa Reşit Pasha, one of the Ottoman pashas, on November 3, 1839, brought with it many innovations in various fields. The most significant changes were implemented in the economic and financial spheres. The objective of these economic reforms was to ensure fair taxation of the population living in Ottoman territories. In pursuit of this goal, the income derived from the people's assets was determined and taxed by the state. Laws and regulations were enacted for taxation purposes, leading to the creation of "temettuat" registers. These registers contain crucial information about the socio-economic and demographic structure of the region. The primary source of this study is the temettuat registers of the finance department, particularly the Gemlik Temettuat registers, housed in the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives. The main objective of this research is to illuminate the socio- economic and demographic structure of the villages in Gemlik, especially in the 19th century, and to provide a detailed analysis and evaluation of the general conditions of Gemlik's villages. In conclusion, the district of Gemlik, as part of the Hüdavendiğar Sanjak, has been examined based on the temettuat registers. According to these registers, there are a total of 20 villages affiliated with the Gemlik district, consisting of both non- Muslim and Muslim populations. Keywords: Temettuat, Gemlik, Tanzimat Edict, Taxation.