A comparative study of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is a global epidemic and a cause of many diseases and deaths among adults. There are currently more than 200 million people around the world who have diabetes, of whom 5-10% are only type 1 diabetes, and the rest is type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a leading health problem all over the world. The world affects the affected individuals and their families, and the countries incur great financial losses at the level of health care. Type 2 diabetes is the result of environmental and genetic factors. The environmental factor plays an important role in the development of diabetes, but it does not affect everyone in the same way, even with the same environmental exposures. Some people have more It appears that this risk is inherited, and estimates of heritability for type 2 diabetes range from 20%-80% and the evidence for heritability comes from40% of individuals from a variety of population and family studies have a lifetime risk of developing T2DM with one parent with T2DM and 70% if both parents are affected. First-degree relatives of individuals with T2DM are about three times more likely to develop the disease than individuals with T2DM They do not have a positive family history of the disease, and it is noticeable that the familial risk of the disease is higher when studies are limited to fathers in the age group 35-60 years, which indicates the role of environmental factors that play in individuals who develop diabetes in late lif For all 19 samples, the aim of the study was to detect early genetically of type 2 diabetes and whether it is possible for a mother with T2DM to pass the disease to her female offspring. The study, which was conducted on 19 females of different ages ranging from 5-80 years, included 8 of them with T2DM diabetes and 10 control and only one female with type 1 diabetes. These samples were divided into 4 families, each family related to them by kinship on the mother's side. Serological and chemical tests were conducted. These tests included (FBS-HbA1c-C.peptide- Insuline-RBS) with COBAS e411 as well as COBAS c111. Genetic tests were also conducted . For the samples that were subjected to the study, these tests included the extraction of the mitochondrial genome, PCR and genetic sequencinge. KEYWORDS: Diabets, T1DM, T2DM, Disease, PCR